Verbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication Essay Example for Free

Verbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication Essay Communication is the expression of thoughts, feelings and ideas to inform, to persuade or to entertain. In business, communication has a vital role in promoting ideas, products or services and in building partnerships. If words are uttered or spoken, basically, it is a verbal communication. But if signs, facial expressions, body language, gestures and writing compositions are used, it is called nonverbal communication. Communication depends on the cultural setting of one country, for it may have certain rules and expectations to follow. Others may underline on the verbal communication and less to written compositions, but the American audience appreciates the use of nonverbal communications and may also prefer to have simple dialogues. Indeed, even in the Bible, verbal and nonverbal communications are important. At Proverbs 10:31-32 in New King James Version (International, G. C. , 2007), King Solomon speaks, â€Å"The mouth of the righteous brings forth wisdom, but the perverse tongue will be cut out. The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable, But the mouth of the wicked what is perverse. † In these verses, the power of uttered words is revealed as they have always consequences when done. On the other hand, in Nehemiah 2:2-3 in New King James Version (International, G. C. , 2007), it is said that â€Å"Therefore the king said to me, â€Å"Why is your face sad, since you are not sick? This is nothing but sorrow of heart. So I became dreadfully afraid, and said to the king, ‘May the king live forever! Why should my face not be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers’ tombs, lies waste, and its gates are burned with fire? ’† The nonverbal communication sometimes depicts the true emotions behind the deceiving words that have spoken. Basically, there are four main topics that influence the business communication of the American audience. According to Brown (2007), these are religion, etiquette, customs and politics. Issues about these topics are often argued, stressing their points and ideas, or even defend their beliefs. With verbal communication, they are sensitive to the said jargons and slang. There are still phrases which are distinctive to American language, although some words may easily translate to other language; they still have different meanings for them. Also, using acronyms for the first time must be avoided; otherwise full version should be applied. Another complexity in American language is the humor, as it has been described by non-Americans, their humors are course and heavy-handed. P. H. Brown (2007) said that â€Å"Face to face communication is rated as, nonverbal language 55%, the voice 38% and the use of words as 7%. Movement cues and face cues are invaluable aspects of your daily communication. † Nonverbal communications are effective in giving out information to Americans as it helps in creating person’s business reputation. Color, time, distance, voice, body movements and clothing are often misused and misinterpreted. Shades of colors depict different meanings from one culture to another. Time should also be considered, as the Americans respect the deadlines and set of appointments. Proximity is also sensitive but the common space for a conversation is about two feet. Usually, Americans speak too loudly and too much that they do not give enough time for the others to respond. On the other hand, their social gestures may be understood by other cultures. But eye contact is an effective tool to see the sincerity of the person. And in terms of clothing, Americans wear liberately but professionally in accordance with the occasion. Meanwhile, in writing business letters, straight to the point is important, as well as its simplicity. Usually, the Americans would like to see the point in the start of the letter, especially if it is a bad note. However, too aggressive approach are not advisable, but in a gentle and respectful tone. Verbal and nonverbal communications, according to Kotelnikoy (2007), are both important in business talks with the Americans.But, they more appreciate the nonverbal behaviors, as their culture molded them, to discern the true meaning of the messages. References: Brown, P. H. The Nassau Guardian Online Edition [Electronic Version]. Nonverbal Language is Effective. Retrieved August 29, 2007 from http://www. thenassauguardian. com/social_community/299978900121692. php. International, G. C. (2007). Bible Gateway [Electronic Version]. Passages. Retrieved August 29, 2007 from http://www. biblegateway. com/. Kotelnikoy, V. (2007). Effective Business Communication [Electronic Version]. Business Communication Defined. Retrieved August 29, 2007 from http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/crosscuttings/biz_communication_main. html. Laflen, H. a. (2001). Online Writing Lab [Electronic Version]. Writing for a North American Business Audience. Retrieved August 29, 2007 from http://owl. english. purdue. edu/handouts/pw/p_ameraudience. html. Myers, R. J. , Penrose, J. M. Rasberry, R. W. (2004). Business Communication For Managers: An Advanced Approach. Mason, Ohio: South-Western.

Proposal for Gasoline Tax Increase Essay -- Environment Environmental

Proposal for Gasoline Tax Increase On a daily basis, millions of cars are driven by millions of Americans to millions of different places. For most of those millions of people, their cars are their lives and that's all that matter. A second thought is rarely given to the fact that conventional gasoline vehicles are depositing millions of harmful chemical gases into the atmosphere. Many people in America are not aware of what automobile emissions are doing to our environment. If every American knew all the facts about gasoline vehicles, perhaps then they would be motivated and willing to contribute whatever is needed to save the environment from the destruction that gasoline vehicles are causing. Zero-emission vehicles are a new development and are one of the most aggressive approaches toward preventing global warming. However, there is still a lot of work to be done in order to eliminate conventional gasoline vehicles and begin widespread use of zero-emission vehicles. If there were a national fund for the further dev elopment of these vehicles, the effort to eliminate gasoline vehicles would advance much faster. That is why a proposal for the federal government to raise the gasoline tax by $1 per gallon in order to fund further research and development of zero-emission vehicles sounds entirely plausible. If nothing more, it would be giant step in the effort to conserve our natural environment. In order to first convince a wide majority of people that something needs to be done to stop the destruction of our environment, people first need to know exactly what is harmful about gasoline vehicles. In the United States, approximately 6.6 tons of greenhouse gases are emitted per person every year. Most of the greenhouse gas emi... ...g saved with their extra dollars, let's hope that they would generously pay a little more to save the things that are truly a necessity. Works Cited 1. Background of Zero-Emission Vehicles. 2001. California Air Resources Board. Viewed October 2, 2001 2. California Zero-Emission Vehicle Regulations. 2000. American Lung Association of California. Viewed October 9, 2001 3. Global Warming: Climate. 2001. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Viewed October 2, 2001 4. Global Warming: Individual Emissions. 2001. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Viewed October 4, 2001. 5. Health Risks Associated with Air Pollution. 2001. American Lung Association of California. Viewed October 9, 2001 6. Young, Matt. Pollutants Caused by Internal Combustion Engines. 2001. Viewed October 4, 2001. http://www.bath.ac.uk/~en0mjy/pollutants.htm

Japanese Business Culture Essay

What do you do to prepare for this meeting? In order to prepare for this meeting, apart from the usual prepaparation with regards to presentations, brochures and other information material, information about the product as well as the company, etc, I need to gather extensive information about the Japanese business culture as the peculiar characteristics of this particular trading company with whom we are meeting. It is extremely important in international business that one should pay attention to prevailing business culture, customs and peculiarities of the companies from other countries in order to conclude a successful business deal. Therefore, I need to peep into material describing the Japanese way of doing businesses, their negotiation styles, things which one should avoid during the meetings, etc. What do you want to know about the trading company? The first thing which I would like to know about the trading company is its similarity to the traditional Japanese companies which possess certain typical characteristics. For example, one of the important things to know about this trading firm will be whether it is part of Japanese Keiretsu or not. The knowledge of this information in advance will help me to identify key features of Japanese trading firms who are still part of the large groups or Keiretsu. Knowledge about few characteristics of the firm will help us to present ourselves in a more comfortable manner at deal stage. I am presenting below few important characteristics of Japanese firms: 1) Connections are very helpful in this country, but choose your intermediaries carefully: the Japanese will feel obliged to be loyal to them. Select someone of the same rank as the person with whom he or she will have dealings. Moreover, an intermediary should not be part of either company involved with the deal. 2) If you know a highly respected, important person in Japan, use his or her endorsement and connection. Before you enter into negotiations, request a consultation, and then ask if you can use the endorsement and connection to further your business efforts. This method of using connections is standard practice among Japanese businesspeople. 3)Generally, the Japanese are not receptive to â€Å"outside† information. They will consider new ideas and concepts only within the confines of their own groups. 4)The Japanese tend to think subjectively, relying on feelings rather than empirical evidence. 5)Getting acquainted is the purpose of the initial meetings. You may, however, introduce your proposal during these preliminary discussions. During presentations, and especially during negotiations, it is essential that one maintain a quiet, low-key, and polite manner at all times. The highest-ranking individual may appear to be the most quiet of everyone present. For a persuasive presentation, you must describe how your product can enhance the prosperity and reputation of the Japanese side. Making these claims effectively requires a thorough knowledge of Japanese economy, business, and product lines. The Japanese will commit themselves to an oral agreement, which may be acknowledged by a nod or slight bow, rather than by shaking hands. Contracts can be renegotiated; in Japanese business protocol, they are not final agreements. After gathering knowledge about these typical characteristics of Japanese firms, we will try to compare this particular firm with these characteristics by analyzing the available information.   source: http://www.executiveplanet.com/business-etiquette/Japan.html Comment to student: click on the link above. You will find many links on this page with respect to business culture in Japan. The Japanese have been raised to think of themselves as part of a group, and their group is always dealing with other groups. This is viewed on many angles — internationally it is â€Å"We Japanese† vs. everyone else (more on that later), but in schools, companies, sections of companies etc. there are many groups and sub-groups — and not always in perfect harmony and cooperation as it may look on the surface. Dealing with Japanese on a one-to-one basis usually comes very easy to non-Japanese, but dealing with Japanese as a group can be a different matter altogether. source: http://www.thejapanfaq.com/FAQ-Primer.html about the V.P. and his/her delegation? There are certain things which we need to know about the VP and his delegation. The strong hierarchical structure in Japanese business is reflected in the negotiation process. They begin at the executive level and continue at the middle level. However, decisions will often be made within the group. Generally speaking, in business meetings the Japanese will line up in order of seniority, with the most senior person at the front and the least senior person closest to the door. In addition to this rule however, you may find that the most senior person chooses where to sit. It is important to bear in mind that in contemporary Japan, even a low ranking individual can become a manager if his or her performance is good. (source: http://www.communicaid.com/japan-business-culture.asp ) Further, it is important to know few personal information about the visiting team. For example, their level of proficiency with English, whether or not a translator will be required, the age as it is directly related to seniority in Japanese culture, whether they have travelled abroad to US or other Western Countries before because it may have serious implications with respect to few culturally sensitive issues such as some Japanese men who have not been abroad are not used to dealing with women as equals in a business setting. ..about their inquiry? The foremost thing about their inquiry which I will like to know is the nature of relationship they are looking to establish with our company with respect to selling our products in Japan. For example, are they looking for some kind of manufacturing joint venture in Japan, or are they looking to take distributorship or license for our products. Such information will help us to present ourselves in a better and precise manner and will help us in coming to common ground with them. One of the sources for finding such information will be the local Santa Clara office of the company. Further, internet can prove to be a useful source for finding more information about the company such as its web portal, its partners and vendor relationships as displayed over the website, press releases and third party comments available on the web, etc. When starting business in Japan and entering into initial distributor contract negotiation, many foreign executives are probably unaware of the potential value of their products in Japan, but you can guarantee that the Japanese distributors on the other side of the negotiation will have a very good idea of the value. source: http://www.venturejapan.com/japanese-distributors.htm If you are doing business in Japan with a Japanese distributor, then you absolutely must negotiate a strong agreement before starting in the Japanese market.   Another issue to be aware of, and which if uncontrolled will have a significant impact on the final percentage of revenue you receive, is that the Japanese market is awash with multi-layered distribution channels. Your Japanese distributor may in fact be a ‘master distributor’ who will pass your products through one or more layers of sub-distributors prior to it reaching its intended consumer or corporate buyer destination. In some situations its unavoidable – for example, if your distributor sells to a large Japanese company you can expect that the customer will mandate a trading company (usually one of it’s subsidiaries) to handle the purchase and take a 5% – 15% fee for its efforts. source: www.venturejapan.com/japanese-contract-negotiation.htm What do you want to highlight in the meeting with the V.P.? As discussed in the above paragraphs, it is very important in Japanese business negotiations with a distributor to explain to them the potential value of our products in Japan. It is important to present them with some revenue forecasts with respect to sales in Japan. First, you must know the Japanese value, not the US, UK, German, French or Italian value but the Japanese value of your product or service before you can negotiate a win-win relationship with a Japanese distributor. If you spent your first month doing business in Japan aggressively networking and information gathering you should have a pretty good idea of your product’s value. By comparing with your home market statistics you should also be able to extrapolate some reasonable revenue forecasts: idealized of course but an invaluable benchmark for contract negotiation with a Japanese distributor. Armed with the results of your first month’s Japanese business analysis, you stand a good chance of convincing a reputable distributor that they should put your product into their lead portfolio and invest in aggressively promoting it. Your ability to assert the potential Japanese value of your product and your ability to defend that value will support your justifiable contract negotiation claims to require transfer fees calculated on net revenues, not on your home market price list. The result is that you have a chance to get the best possible distribution deal for your company and a deal that could only ever be bettered by a direct entry into the Japanese market using a Japanese subsidiary company or office. source: www.venturejapan.com/japanese-contract-negotiation.htm If things look positive in that meeting, what would you expect to happen at the next stages of the discussions?   Even if the things look positive in that meeting, Japanese generally take time time finalize their decision as the decision making process can be very slow for Japanese firms. I expect the Japanese trading firm to extensively discuss the issue within their group in order to arrive at the final decision. From the pre-meetings, to the informal parties, the Japanese style of doing business will take the shape of an intricate spider’s web, where few outsiders can fully understand the implications of what exactly is occurring. Japanese culture effects every aspect of daily life. The cultural tradition of Japan reflects a strong desire to be harmonious, efficient, and most important, to promote group solidarity, and this is best achieved by making decisions based on consensus. Robert Marshall elaborates by saying that, â€Å"†¦group decision making in Japan promotes unanimity in result through consensus† {Marshall},[p. 7]. source: http://www.earlham.edu/~consense/scott2.shtml Comment to student: The above mentioned link is an excellent article on group decision making in Japan. Please read through it to gather more information on decision making in Japanese culture. How are your actions in this situation different from the situation in which you make the first move in order to find a licensee? The actions in this situation is different from my first move because I have a more informed and better view along with a clear understanding of the Japanese business culture and negotiation process now. My first move was a sort of unorganized effort to explore the Japanese markets. This situation is different in the sense that I am now preparing myself for specific company which has already shown little interest in our products and are ready to explore more about our company. It is very important to have clear understanding of Japanese culture, prevailign market conditions, information about the industry and knowledge of other peculiar characteristics before one can enter into a successful negotiation with a Japanese company. My initial failures have made me realize that in order to successfully conclude a deal with a Japanese company, one needs to present him in a manner that proves the value of our product with respect to Japanese market.

Judith Leyster s Self Portrait - 795 Words

Judith Leyster, 1609-1660, painter Judith Leyster was born in Haarlem, Netherlands in 1609. Her Self-Portrait (above) is actually in the National Gallery of Art, in D.C.! However, this work marks a historical shift from the rigidity of earlier, more formal self-portraits painted by female artists. Instead, she sits in a more relaxed and dynamic pose. Compared to the standards of previous Dutch portraits, it’s very casual, which was nearly unheard of during the Renaissance. Leyster was the daughter of a brewer and was the first Renaissance artist to paint scenes of home, family, and domestic scenes. She also was one of the first painters to begin introducing light sourced in her paintings, such as in The Proposition (1631). Judith Leyster’s†¦show more content†¦Instead, Protestantism seemed to emphasize genres and themes in art, including everyday objects, which made these subjects and paintings more accessible to women, and in turn created more female artists. Judith Leyster got married in 1636, to another artist who worked with similar subjects. Together, they had 5 kids, but only 2 made it to adulthood. They also moved back to Amsterdam for 11 years, looking for better economic prospects. However, they eventually moved back to the Haarlem area, though. She exemplified the growing independence of women during the Renaissance because she painted the most before marriage and having children. This could also be an example of how marriage can limit the expression and personality of a woman, especially in the 17th century. However, Judith Leyster was very bright and clever, in fact, her signature was a â€Å"JL† followed by a star. It was a play on words. Her last name, â€Å"Leister† means â€Å"Lead star† in Dutch. She was also incredibly innovative almost provocative in her domestic scenes. These were usually calm soft quiet scenes of women at home, with candlelight, and was also usually from a woman’s perspective. One example is her painting, The Proposition (1631). It is even interpreted by some as depicting a young woman receiving unwanted sexual advances, instead of a willing prostitute/participant, as would have normally been expected with thisShow MoreRelatedLeyster And Daumier Painted Everyday Life Events719 Words   |  3 Pages Leyster and Daumier painted everyday life events, despite the different intentions. The time and styles of the artwork are not similar at all, other than the intention to capture everyday life events. Leyster s Self-Portrait focused primarily on herself, how she viewed herself, and how she desired others to view her. This type of painting was extremely rare, if not unheard of during a time when female artists were seen as inferior. The Baroque style of painting exhibits bold colors and dramaticRead MoreArt History Study Guide3003 Words   |  13 Pages–[and Polydoros, Athanadoros] Laocoon and His Sons * S Chapter 10 China * 6 Dynasties (220-579) * Gu Kaizhi – Imperial Instructress to Court Ladies * Wang Xizhi –Letter Feng Ju album * Song (960-1279) * Fan Kuan –Travelers Among Mtns and Streams * Xia -12 Views from a Thatched Hut * Xu Daoning –Fishing in a Mtn Stream * Zhang Zeduan –Spring Festival on the River * S Chapter 11 Japan * Asuka (552-646) *